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Grammar notes

All six connectors here are subordinating (verb to the end), split into two groups.

Conditions

Word Used for Example
falls A condition, close to wenn but framed as "in case" Falls es regnet, nehmen wir einen Regenschirm mit.
sofern A condition, more formal, often "provided that / insofar as" Sofern nichts dazwischenkommt, treffen wir uns um acht.
außer wenn An exception to the rule ("except if / unless") Wir gehen spazieren, außer wenn es regnet.

Purpose and result

Word Used for Example
damit The purpose or intention behind an action ("so that") Ich spreche laut, damit alle mich hören können.
sodass The result or consequence of an action, not the intention Er hat laut geschrien, sodass alle ihn hören konnten.
indem The means or method used to do something ("by doing X") Er verbessert sein Deutsch, indem er jeden Tag liest.

The classic trap is damit vs. sodass: damit answers "why did you do that on purpose?", while sodass answers "what happened as a result?" — compare Ich flüstere, damit er nicht aufwacht (so that he doesn't wake up — that's the goal) with Ich war so laut, sodass er aufwachte (so loud that he woke up — that's just what happened).

Falls, Damit, Sodass & More: Condition and Purpose

How many words this round?

24 words available · each round is a random pick, so replaying covers different ones.